EPUB File Format Explained

Electronic Publication · .epub

Extension.epub
MIME typeapplication/epub+zip
TypeE-books
Developed byIDPF / W3C
First released2007
Royalty-freeYes
CompressionLossless

What is an EPUB file?

EPUB is the open e-book standard maintained by the W3C. An EPUB file is a ZIP package of XHTML chapters, CSS style sheets, images and a manifest that lists the reading order. Because the content is essentially a small website, text reflows to fit any screen size and font setting, which is what makes e-books comfortable on phones and e-readers.

EPUB 3 added audio, video, MathML, scripting and a fixed-layout option for comics and picture books. Nearly every reading app supports EPUB, with Amazon's Kindle the long-standing exception; Kindle devices accept EPUB via Send to Kindle, which converts it on the way.

When EPUB is the right choice

Strengths

  • Reflowable text adapts to screen size, font and night mode
  • Open standard read by Apple Books, Kobo, Google Play Books and most apps
  • Small files: text and styles compress well

Limitations

  • Layout-heavy content such as textbooks and manuals loses its page design
  • Kindle devices need conversion or Send to Kindle
  • Purchased books are often locked with DRM and cannot be converted

How to open an EPUB file

Apple Books, Google Play Books, Kobo, Calibre, Thorium Reader and browser extensions open EPUB; Windows users can use Calibre or the Edge browser with an extension. For a printable copy with fixed pages, convert with the e-book converter to PDF.

How to convert an EPUB file

The e-book converter turns EPUB into PDF for printing, into MOBI or AZW3 for older Kindles, or into FB2 and other reader formats, and it converts those formats back into EPUB. DRM-protected books cannot be converted; only files you own without protection work.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Kindle read EPUB?

Kindle devices do not open EPUB files directly, but the Send to Kindle service accepts EPUB and converts it. Alternatively convert the file to AZW3 or MOBI and copy it over USB.

What is the difference between EPUB and PDF for books?

EPUB reflows: the reader chooses font size and the text re-wraps, so page numbers are not fixed. PDF keeps the printed page exactly, which suits textbooks and manuals but is awkward on small screens.

Why won't my EPUB open or convert?

Most often because it carries DRM from the store that sold it. Such files open only in the store's app. Files without DRM that still fail are usually damaged packages; Calibre can often repair them.

Can an EPUB contain images and video?

Images yes, in any version. Audio and video are part of EPUB 3, but support in reading apps varies, so publishers use them sparingly.