About ZIP Format
ZIP is the most widely-used archive format, created by Phil Katz in 1989. It supports multiple compression algorithms with DEFLATE being the most common. ZIP archives are natively supported by Windows, macOS, and most Linux distributions without requiring additional software. The format allows individual file compression, meaning files can be extracted independently without decompressing the entire archive.
Why Convert from ZIP
While ZIP is universally compatible, converting to other formats can offer significant advantages. Converting to 7Z can reduce archive size by 30-70% using LZMA2 compression, which is ideal for long-term storage or bandwidth-limited file transfers. For Linux and Unix environments, converting to TAR-based formats (TAR.GZ, TAR.BZ2, TAR.XZ) aligns with standard software distribution practices and ensures proper preservation of file permissions and symbolic links.
Choosing the Right Target Format
Convert to 7Z when maximum compression is your priority and recipients have 7-Zip or compatible software installed. Choose TAR.GZ for Linux software packages, web server deployments, or when you need faster decompression speeds. Select TAR.XZ for modern Linux distributions where achieving the smallest possible file size is critical. Use TAR.BZ2 for Unix systems that require better compression than GZIP but may not support the newer XZ format yet.
Compression Performance
ZIP with DEFLATE compression offers a good balance between compression ratio and speed, making it suitable for everyday use. However, LZMA2 (used in 7Z) typically achieves 20-50% better compression for text files and executables at the cost of slower compression and decompression. GZIP (TAR.GZ) decompresses faster than ZIP but offers similar compression ratios. BZIP2 (TAR.BZ2) provides better compression than both ZIP and GZIP, while XZ (TAR.XZ) matches or exceeds 7Z compression efficiency.
ZIP Technical Specifications
The ZIP format stores files individually within the archive, each with its own compression stream. This design allows extracting specific files without decompressing the entire archive—a significant advantage for large archives where you only need certain files. The format header includes a central directory at the end of the file, enabling fast file listing without reading the entire archive.
ZIP64 extensions, introduced in 2001, removed the original 4GB file size and 65,535 file count limits. Modern ZIP implementations transparently support ZIP64 when needed. The format supports multiple compression methods including Store (no compression), Deflate (standard), Deflate64, BZIP2, LZMA, and PPMd—though Deflate remains the most widely compatible choice.
When to Keep ZIP Format
ZIP remains ideal when sharing files with non-technical users or unknown recipients. Every major operating system opens ZIP files natively without additional software. Email attachments, web downloads, and document sharing workflows all work seamlessly with ZIP. The format's random access capability is valuable when recipients need specific files from large archives.
Keep ZIP for working with Microsoft Office documents and other software that uses ZIP as its native archive format (DOCX, XLSX, PPTX are all ZIP files internally). Java JAR files and Android APK packages are also ZIP-based, making ZIP tools essential for development workflows involving these technologies.